Mulching Benefits and Types

Mulching, a widely adopted gardening technique that brings about plant advantages when executed correctly, entails the application of a covering material onto the soil surface. This material, encompassing substances like bark, wood chips, leaves, and other organics, is evenly distributed across the soil to preserve moisture and improve soil conditions.

In conditions of abundant sunlight, soil tends to rapidly desiccate and harden. Mulching effectively addresses these challenges by potentially decreasing water runoff, improving the soil's water absorption capacity, and serving as a barrier to evapotranspiration. One of its key benefits lies in conserving soil moisture, achieved by reducing surface evaporation and preventing soil erosion.

Another vital function of mulch is regulating soil temperature, keeping plant roots cooler during elevated temperatures and providing insulation to shield roots from winter cold.

Mulch acts as a deterrent against weeds by managing their germination and growth, while also hindering the spread of soil-borne diseases. Furthermore, it functions as insulation, stabilizing soil temperature and safeguarding roots from extreme conditions in both summer and winter.

There are two primary categories of mulch: organic, derived from organic and biodegradable materials, and inorganic, predominantly composed of plastic-based materials. Examples of organic mulches include straw, husks, grasses, cover crops, sawdust, compost, and manure. Shredded bark, sourced from various trees, stands out as a prevalent and economical organic mulch.

Organic mulches offer the added benefit of attracting earthworms, contributing to soil aeration and water absorption. These creatures break down organic materials, producing castings that function as a natural fertilizer, fostering plant growth.

In contrast, the most widely utilized inorganic mulch globally is polyethylene plastic mulch. This plastic mulching, known as plasticulture, is gaining traction in agriculture for cultivating fresh vegetables, reflecting a growing trend in its adoption.
Mulching Benefits and Types